Rising prices and the tactics opted by common man

Rising prices and the tactics opted by common man Price hike in essential commodities has been a norm in our country. The pattern is very frequent, for instance, the petrol prices have been hiked ten times in the last 6 years. The ever increasing cost of living has once again proven the age old theory of Survival of the Fittest. Petrol price hike is an epitome to show govt.s incapability or lack of accountability. Though, the international fuel prices have fallen sharply by almost 100% in 2009, the Indian govt. shows no signs of reducing the price in the domestic market. Petrol, diesel and other petroleum products have an enormous impact on almost all the other commodity prices. The reason given by the government for hiking the petrol and diesel prices across the board is: to reduce the fiscal deficit and this increase will lead to generation of more revenue for the government. In the recently concluded 3G spectrum auctions, the government declared that they got bids in excess of what they had expected and that this would mean that this excess can easily be added to the extra revenue for the government. The income tax department this time as well as last time collected huge IT returns and all these returns go to the government revenue list. So, one fails to understand that why did the government give generating extra revenue through rising petroleum prices as a reason for increasing these prices. Surely there is more to this reason than what meets the eye. Another thing that might puzzle the common man is what was the need to give full power to Oil Companies to increase the prices as much as they feel is necessary? Why was Government control removed suddenly? LPG prices:Yet another thing that baffles the mind is why such a great hike in LPG prices. As it is the LPG Cylinder was expensively priced at Rs.310 and now it will cost Rs.345. What kind of impact will this decision of the government have on the common man? The restaurants will make the food they sell expensive since they use many cylinders to make the large quantity of food that they make To the people who entertain guests at their home , have to cook food in bulk? Will this mean that they will serve less food to the guests to conserve gas Property rates According to the new revised rates, the houses which were already out of bounds for the common man have gone even further out of bounds due to this increase in property rates. According to the revised circle rates , the lowest circle rate now is Rs.9000 per sq meter and the highest circle rate is Rs 1,25,000 per sq meter. If you want to purchase a flat in having more than 4 stories (including lift) then the minimum value is 18 lakhs plus stamp duty of 1,44,000, so that means a total of Rs 19,44,000 will have to be spent to buy a flat in this kind of a society! Now with rates so high for buying property, the rent in posh areas is becoming far more expensive , and now with this increase in circle rates the rents are set to go up by at least Rs 2000. So that means that if you were paying 15,000 for a 2-bedroom flat then now you will have to pay 17,000, what to talk of 3-bedroom flats. Auto and Taxi rates The increase in fuel price made the auto rates to zoom up in Coimbatore city from Rs.20 to 30 for the first two kilometres and then Rs.10 for the following kilometres. And the taxi rates increases from Rs.50 to Rs.80 for the first two kilometres and then Rs.30 for the following kilometres. Food Price Rise For decades, food prices had been declining in real terms, allowing millions of people around the globe to escape from the trap of poverty. This long-term trend took place despite rapid income and population growth, as agricultural productivity rose steadily. However, productivity gains began to stagnate in the face of continuing growth in demand, bringing about a reversal of this long-term trend. Rising food prices contributed to an acceleration of inflation across the Asia and Pacific region during 2007, and in 2008 the further rise in food prices has reached alarming proportions. The rise in food prices is worrisome precisely because food price inflation is the most regressive of all taxes-it hurts the poor the most. The year 2009-10 has been an unusual one as far as the inflation trend goes, with food inflation soaring while inflation in the non-food sector was negligible. Only twice before in recent history-1992-93 and 1996-97-have seen a combination of double-digit food inflation and deflation in the rest of the economy. Every other major inflationary episode since 1971 has seen prices of food and non-food items shooting up in tandem. The Economic Survey released even came up with a new name for such lopsided price trends-skewflation. In the countrys inflation history from 1971, this kind of inflation, where food inflation is above 10 per cent and non-food inflation negative, has happened only twice before in 1992-93 and 1996-97. And food inflation 10 per cent, non-food inflation negative and fuel inflation less than 10 per cent has never occurred. There are several other years where the pattern was the same. The inflation trend stands out for its lopsidedness across sectors. In 2009-10 (April-November), food inflation was 12.6 per cent and non-food inflation minus 0.4 per cent.The wholesale food prices in India touched a 10 year high with food inflation coming at 19.95% for the week ended December 5, 2009. The table below gives the retail prices for some of the key agricultural commodities in four Indian metros. This is just to give an idea of how the prices have moved in the last one year. Clearly, the prices of all key agricultural commodities have risen sharply. Significant price increase has been observed in commodities like arhar dal, sugar, potatoes and onions. EXPLAINING THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF HIGH FOOD PRICES Prices of close substitutes for rice are rising sharply as well: wheat, maize, and soybeans are all at record highs. Three sets of factors must be taken into account in order to explain what is happening to food prices in developing Asia. First is the distinction between structural and cyclical factors; second is the distinction between supply and demand; and third is the relationship between international and domestic markets. STRUCTURAL AND CYCLICAL FACTORS Structural factors are fundamental in explaining what has happened to international rice and food grain prices in recent years. Falling global stocks of rice and other cereals are indicative of the fact that production growth has fallen below consumption growth for several years. Rice and wheat stocks have ebbed and now are about 200 million metric tons, compared with 350 million metric tons in 2000, a decline of about 43% (USDA 2008). Cyclical factors as well have been unkind in influencing price trends. Adverse weather including the drought-related harvest failure of wheat in Australia in 2007 and the flooding in South Asia have harmed production as did outbreaks of brown plant hopper infestation in Viet Nam. Recent financial market turmoil has also exerted a cyclical effect as investors turn to commodities with high expected rates of return in contrast to poor returns from equities, bonds, and money market instruments. DOMESTIC AND WORLD MARKETS Government short-term responses have made matters worse by attempting to paper over relative price changes and shield consumers through beggar-thy-neighbor policies of restricting exports and using administrative measures in an attempt to control prices. In order to shield consumers, taxes and import duties on imported grains are being reduced in net importing countries-temporarily. Price subsidies are also widely applied throughout the region for staple foods such as rice and for suppression of food prices. The burden of general rice and wheat price subsidies will become much heavier as a result of the spike in prices in 2008. In the Philippines, the leading importer of rice in the world in 2007, the fiscal cost of subsidized rice in 2008 is estimated to be P32.8 billion with a purchase price of P29.4/kg_ versus a selling price of P_7.25/ kg. Indonesia has budgeted in 2008 an increase in food subsidies of Rp 9.8 trillion from Rp7.2 trillion-an increase of $_.4 billion or 3% of all government expenditure.It is not possible to untangle all the causes of rising prices without conducting a more detailed statistical analysis or decomposition of price movements. However, it appears from the discussion of these three sets of factors above that structural factors are swamping cyclical factors, as price spikes have occurred in the context of slowing world growth. The International Monetary Fund in its World Economic Outlook 2008 (IMF 2008) has cut its forecast for world growth drastically in 200 8 from 4._% down to 3.7%. In spite of this slowdown, prices have been accelerating, indicating that it would be unwise to be complacent, and that higher food prices are not merely a short-term phenomenon that markets will automatically correct. This has strong implications for macroeconomic stability, poverty incidence and inequality and for corrective measures over time. Reasons for rise in prices: The primary cause of the recent food-price inflation was the severe drought of 2009, which caused a downturn in food production in the third quarter of 2009-10 and the expectation of the resultant price rise itself fed further into the inflation. However, some other reasons (not so much talked about) for the spiralling food price inflation in India. In 2008, it was estimated that India loses INR 58,000 crore worth of agricultural food items due to lack of post harvesting infrastructure such as cold chains, transportation, and storage facilities. If the Government ensured proper storage facility, food inventory would have been more then sufficient leading to prices remaining under control. It is not sure if the Government is still doing enough to have proper food storage facilities in the country. The Indian farmers are largely dependent on the four-month monsoon season during which 80% of the years total rainfall takes place. The reason is that 60% of the countrys total cropped area is not irrigated. The Government has again been talking about inclusive growth and stress on rural India. These facts dont point to any meaningful efforts to help farmers in a country where over 10,000 farmers have committed suicide over the last decade. The per hectare agricultural yield in India is half that of China. This again points of inefficiency and the failure to help the farmers adopt latest technology in order to increase the crop output. Increased bio-fuel production has contributed to the rise in food prices: Concerns over oil prices, energy security and climate change have prompted governments to take a more proactive stance towards encouraging production and use of bio-fuels.  [1]  This has led to increased demand for bio-fuel raw materials, such as wheat, soy, maize and palm oil, and increased competition for cropland Implications: Steep rise in food prices may cripple Indias growth: Even as India was settling in the comfort of an independent government after many successive coalitions, the political stability has been threatened by the surging prices of food and other basic commodities. For a long time, India has struggled with strengthening its Public Distribution System (PDS).In a world, which is still stumbling and trying to recover from one of the worst even economic setback, Asia has been confidently surging ahead. However, it seems that the ever rising food prices may cripple this recovery and pose a major threat to the strong GDP rise. This will not only be a setback to India, but to the rest of the continent as well, many parts of which are dependent on India to meet their food shortages. This year, food prices have seen a steep rise of 19.95 per cent, one of the highest ever recorded. What is of more concern is the fact that this steep rise has significantly out paced the rise on per capita income. Even staple foods like rice and wheat have become so expensive that theyve gone out of reach of the common man. Food Price Rise Affects Rural Areas Adversely Objective: The purpose of this article is to analyze on the spiraling food price in India, future trend of food prices, analyzing, how much the people spend on food items and others, which calls for the stratagem to be opted by the common man, and by finding out the ways to save and to find the new sources of income to troubleshoot the crisis. Review of Literature Sushma Swaraj, one of the senior members of the BJP, said: The price rise is not an outcome of any natural calamity, it is the outcome of the wrong policies of the government. Mohanty, Rath and Ramaiah (2000) argued that a large array of commodities show relative price volatility over time; hence, it is not appropriate to remove them all from core measure. The basket of commodities whose prices are volatile is not time invariant; therefore, excluding certain commodities permanently will result in loss of information about underlying inflation. Moreover, primary commodities are sizable in the consumption basket of consumers and their influence on underlying inflation is substantial. Therefore, core measure that excludes primary commodities cannot be a good indicator of inflation. Joshi and Rajpathak (2004) used new series on WPI and constructed core inflation following exclusion and trimmed mean methods. They conclude that WPI excluding food and 20 percent trimmed mean satisfy most of desirable properties of the core measure. Indias annual food and fuel inflation quickened in the week to April 10, putting upside pressure on the headline inflation and central bank to take action before its next policy review in July. The food price index rose 17.65%   in the 12 months to April 10, marginally higher than an annual rise of 17.22%  . Rising food and fuel prices risk fanning wider inflation as the companies look to pass on cost increases and could prompt the central bank to raise its key rates again ahead of its next policy review in July.The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) raised key interest rates by 25 basis points and warned price pressures were fast becoming a demand-driven phenomenon Reuters poll found a narrow majority of economists expect another increase in rates by the end of June, or before the RBIs next quarterly review. Government officials, however, keen to keep the economy on track to exceed 8%   growth this year, said inflationary pressures were waning and played down the need for aggressive tightening. Research methodology Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It is necessary for the researcher to know not only the research methods/techniques but also the methodology. Researchers also need to understand the assumptions underlying various techniques and they need to know the criteria by which they can decide that certain techniques and procedures will be applicable to certain problems and others will not. He has to specify very clearly and precisely what decisions he selects and why he selects them so that others can evaluate them also. Research design is the arrangement of conditions for the collection and analysis of data for a research study, which will have relevancy and scientific approach to the study. The research design is Exploratory in nature. Opinion survey is used to find out the Impact of Food inflation on Indian consumers and Secondary data, have been used which are already gathered by others. The researcher has been collecting information through internet, finance journals and books Techniques like Linear growth rate, correlation, Chi-square and trend analysis were been used to check out the future trend in food price and its impact on the common people. In the above table food prices and non food prices are been rising year by year in which CPI rises by 1.75% and food group by 0.3% and non food group by 5.93% year by year.. The observed increase in food prices is not a temporary phenomenon, but likely to persist in the medium term. Food crop prices remains high in 2008 and 2009 and then begin to decline as supply and demand respond to high prices; however, they are likely to remain well above the 2004 levels through 2015 for most food crops. There is a high relation between crude oil and food items. As the price of crude oil increases the prices of food items also increases. There is high relation between GDP,CPI,PPI and WPI. As GDP increases year by year consumer,producer,wholesale price index also increases. Finding Answers to Food Inflation prompts consumers to cut down unnecessary expenditure The younger generation feel that they would feel save by investing in pension fund then the fixed deposit rather than investing in shares and securities. Suggestions However, looking into the very near term, some ways to ease food prices would be: Crackdown on hoarders and black marketers could help prevent prices from rising further. This step might not significantly reduce prices but will ensure that prices dont escalate further. The Government should allow the private sector to import and store the primary agricultural commodities at zero import duty. This will help ease the prices to a large extent. The Government also needs to unload the inventory it has in its storage locations. This will have an immediate impact on the prices. It is very important for the Government to try and control the inflation or at least try and ensure that these circumstances do not arise again in the future. There are several ways of curbing food inflation. It is only that the Government needs to be more proactive rather then being reactive. Another important point to note is that a majority of Indians still dont invest in equity markets. They prefer going for fixed deposits which are currently yielding only around 8-10% annually. On the other hand, inflation for an average household is easily around 12-15% (even education, health and housing cost are going up). Save More Tomorrow is a registered trade mark. strategies are appropriate at younger ages 1) because young peoplehave more of their wealth in bond-like human capital and can afford to take more financial risk, and 2)Because younger people have more flexibility to work more to make up for any shortfall created by losses in financial assets. Conclusion If things have not been taken care of nothing substantial can been done in order to overcome challenges of rising prices. Hoping that minimal food wastage, high crop productivity and increase in irrigated land would help to deflate the food prices. It is also said that if the INR 58,000 crore of food crop is not wasted on an annual basis, Indias deficits could be wiped out in less then a decade without any other measures being taken. The study ensures that the future trend of food prices will be spiraling in near future to daunt the common people to cut back their spending on un-necessary items and concentrate on developing a strategy to save and to find new sources of income, early as viable. Regardless of the challenges faced throughout your life, a secure nest egg will do wonders for helping you cope the future price rise.

Individualized Educational Plans and 504 Plans

1. Marie and Mary had such different situations because they grew up at different times. We know Marie grew up before Mary because the writer said the school district was not required to educate her. Marie's parents had no real choices for their daughter. When the one school appropriate for her closed, the school district did not have to do anything further. They tried custodial placement for Marie but clearly that was not good for her. So they brought her home and did the best they could. Marie did not learn any real life schools. She never went to a regular school, didn't participate in social activities or clubs, and did not learn a skill so she could be self-supporting. By comparison Mary was born after federal laws requiring education for all children was passed. She had early intervention. She also had parents who understood the law and Mary's rights. They joined a support group, which probably encouraged them to fight for a normal education for Mary. When the school wanted to put Mary into a self-contained class, her parents asked instead for her to be placed in a regular classroom. The school district did this well, providing support for Mary. Mary had different kinds of academic accommodations such as a computer that could read text to her and other accommodations. Mary received extra help to learn how to cope with the demands of junior high, and in high school she began vocational training. Mary had friends at school and vocational goals for herself. The result is that while Marie needs to be taken care of and her parents worry about what will happen to her when they die, Mary has been prepared for life from the time she was a toddler. She has always been around children without handicaps and has had a chance to develop the verbal and social skills she needs to get along in the world. 2. IEP's, or Individualized Educational Plans, and 504 Plans have some similarities. They are both formal plans to help an individual child overcome learning differences so that child can be more successful in school. This IEP shoulc include statements about the child's strengths and weaknesses, and should describe exactly how the school will provide for the child's educational needs. an IEP includes specific goals and clearly state the services the child will receive, including the amount of time and the type of specialists who will provide them. IEP's have to be written according to a specific body of laws and regulations. Some of those laws and regulations are specified by the federal government under the I.D.E.A. law, but in addition, each individual state has its own set of guidelines and rules. The state's rules must be compatible with the federal ones but the rules can differ quite a bit from state to state. If a school does not follow the child's IEP, the parents have a number of legal remedies. A 504 Plan is also a written plan to provide instructional or other school services to a child, but 504's are covered by the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Because of this, rules and regulations that apply to IEP's may not apply to 504 Plans. 504 Plans typically help children who do not receive special education services and who do not have an IEP. One use of a 504 Plan is to provide services after a child's IEP has been ended. 504 Plans do not have as many legal protections as IEP's do.

Chinese religions Essay

The Chinese like any other race, had their own conceptual perspective of things that they cannot fathom or explain. Like their contemporaries they tend to â€Å"simplify things† by trying to attribute the unexplainable to the supernatural. They try to look deeper into things, taking into consideration the physicality and spirituality of objects, be they animate or inanimate. This outlook made the ancient Chinese come up with the concept of Yin and Yang. Yin and Yang is defined as the concept of balance between two contrastingly different, or opposing elements. The Chinese believe that Yin and Yang maintains the balance of all things and that it is impossible to isolate or exclude one from the other. The continuity of the Yin and Yang cycle is clearly construed as the balance that keeps everything in an orderly manner. The idea of harmony and balance are the main basis of the yin and yang concept. Yin and Yang did not come to existence in order to destroy or overwhelm one another, but rather to complement one another. The principle that each person is governed by both the negative and positive forces is central to almost all schools of Chinese thought. The Chinese believed that everything in the universe, including ourselves are constantly governed by the laws of dualism. The concept of Yin and Yang is echoed in various Chinese religions. It is essentially the basis and core of Taoism, and has a slight influence on Confucianism and Buddhism. The concept of Yin and Yang in Taoism hinges on the importance of maintaining the fragile balance between the Yin or positive force and the Yang or Negative force. This religion bases its teachings on the principle that both Yin (Negative) and Yang (Positive) contains a small part of one another, and that both of these two opposing forces exist not to destroy one another by the usage of an overwhelming force, but simply to emphasize and complement one another. This religion also preaches that although the positive and negative aspect of things go against each other they are essentially things that would emphasize the uniqueness of the same substance and nature like the others despite the appearance of differences between these two things. A good analogy of this would be mans’ concept of beauty. One cannot appreciate beauty if all objects look alike, if all things share the same features, then those things cannot be truly called beautiful, instead these things would be seen as plain or ordinary due to the lack of a viable standard to base this criteria. One can only distinguish beauty and perfection when its opposite, the concept of ugliness and imperfection exists. Confucianism, another religion that originated from China, also shows subtle hint of the Yin and Yang concept. Confucius, its progenitor, theorized an ethical approach to eliminate conflict. His teachings echo a slight hint of the yin and yang concept, in that he believed that the mingling of the positive and negative forces brought about the existence of all that has life, and has persistently applied this principle in all of his teachings. Confucius did not focus his teachings on the principles of dualism (yin and yang) alone, instead, he assimilated it to almost all of his teachings concerning morality. Another point that proves the influence of the Yin and Yang concept to the teachings of Confucius is the fact his teachings are always addressed to two groups of people, who happens to have a contrasting and totally different social status. As manifested further in his teaching, he asserts the proper manner as to how the Affluent should act towards the less privileged, a king to his subjects, a parent to his children, a man to his wife†¦the list goes on. The one thing that is highly noticeable on the previous analogy is that all of it is based on how a superior individual should act towards his inferior counterpart and vice versa. This further boosts the idea that dualism has a significant influence on Confucian teachings. As a whole, Confucius emphasized that the suffering endured by society arose because its constituents failed to act out in accordance to their respective places in society, it is his idea that people should play their role to the utmost to maintain the balance and harmony within the existing society. Another Chinese religion that the Yin and Yang concept has influenced to a certain degree would be Buddhism. This religion founded by Siddharta Gautama Buddha teaches that the main cause of pain and suffering is pleasure and desire, the concept, in itself is a paradox of duality, which is a very good indicator of the presence of the yin and yang concept. The main precept of Buddhism that preaches avoidance of pleasure and desire to avoid pain and suffering is a contradiction that suggests the influence of the Yin and yang concept. The principle of Yin and Yang and Buddhism are similarly congruent in the preaching of the belief in the importance of harmony and the maintenance of constant balance within the world. It is notable that Taoism, the Religion that conceptualized the Yin and yang concept, and Buddhism both allude to the belief that a person’s fate is totally dependent on the deeds committed during his lifetime. Based on these ideologies, the Chinese have developed the attitude of always trying to blend in to their environment in accordance to the concept of the Yin and the Yang forces. This is evidenced on their continued belief and usage of the principles of Feng Shui, the principle of adjusting one’s surrounding to direct the balanced flow of positive and negative energy to benefit man as a whole. The principle of Yin and Yang is also inherent in the practice of Chinese medicine. The main precept that they uphold in practicing Chinese traditional medicine is that, an imbalance of either positive or negative energy would cause sickness or even death to afflicted individuals, Thus, Chinese practitioners advocate that in order to be healthy one must always strive to have a balanced flow of energy circulating within his body. These are but limited examples of how the Chinese see and apply the principles of Yin and Yang to their daily life. This concept has formed a line of tradition or norm for the Chinese people, so much so that It is unheard of for any Chinese individual to disregard the harmony and balance within his environment, without resorting to or practicing any of the practices prescribed by traditional Yin and Yang believers. As of the present it is safe to assume that the Chinese people put great store in mingling smoothly with their surroundings. This is very evident on their attitude, and the way in which they were able to adapt to almost any environment known to man without relinquishing any part of their National Identity and Heritage (a Chinese could live in any part of the world, or be born on different countries, but essentially retains his Chinese posterity and would still be very â€Å" Chinese† with regards to his beliefs). The Chinese, are perhaps one of the most, if not the most adaptable people known on this planet. This is highly evidenced by their willingness to submit and accept their lot in society and at the same time trying to make the best out of it. Works Cited: â€Å"The Yin and Yang Theory† http://www. 168fengshui. com/articles/yin-and-yang-theory/ http://www. taopage. org/yinyang. html Yin and Yang in Acupuncture and in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) http://www. holisticonline. com/Acupuncture/acp_yin_yang. htm http://www. religionfacts. com/taoism/beliefs. htm http://fly. cc. fer. hr/~shlede/ying/yang. html http://www. essortment. com/all/yinyangmeaning_rosp. htm

The Effects Of Our Lack Of Sustainability Of Earth On...

The sustainability of the current environment is something that is important to the future generations of the world. The Earth is in a constant state of change and the inhabitants of Earth are called to make decisions on how to maintain a stable and healthy environment for future generations. The biggest contributor to the negative effect on the Earth is pollution. Pollution has not only put a physical burden on the environment, but it has altered the way that we think about living here. Thousands of years ago the earth controlled who we were, but now the futuristic human has tried to control the earth. Over the past decade or so, the negative effects on the environment have become unmanageable and have had extreme consequences on the children of this planet. The effects of our lack of sustainability of Earth on children include physical, emotional and economical stressors. According to the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, â€Å"The environment plays a role in 85% of all diseases (1)†. One of the biggest environmental changes that often can be left unnoticed is climate change. Some of the most common types of issues that climate changes can cause include extreme temperatures, nutritional challenges, and developmental issues. Due to climate change, The Guardian online newspaper says that by the year 2030 it is estimated that 25 million children will be malnourished, in addition to those numbers another 150-200 million people are estimated to have to flee theirShow MoreRelatedBecoming Eco Literate And Its Effect On Our Society1620 Words   |  7 PagesEcologising education is at the forefront of education departments not only in regards to the earth but also the learning it can develop for the children. Not only is sustainability allowing our earth to regenerate but it gives children the opportunity to learn about their own consumption. 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